Introduction to Greenhouse Horticulture
Greenhouse horticulture is a modern agricultural practice that involves cultivating crops within controlled environments. These greenhouses allow farmers and growers to optimize the growth conditions for various plants, such as fruits, vegetables, and flowers, by regulating factors like temperature, humidity, light, and CO2 levels. This controlled environment provides protection from external climatic conditions, pests, and diseases, which enables year-round production and higher crop yields. Greenhouse horticulture plays an essential role in the global food supply chain and is a key solution for tackling food security challenges and sustainability concerns.

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History and Evolution of Greenhouse Horticulture
The concept of greenhouse horticulture dates back to ancient Rome when simple structures were used to protect plants from cold weather. However, the first true greenhouses, as we understand them today, appeared in 16th-century Italy and France. These early structures were made of glass and were primarily used for growing exotic plants. Over the centuries, greenhouse technology evolved, with advances in heating systems, artificial lighting, and automated controls. The 20th century saw significant developments in materials, such as the use of polyethylene instead of glass, which made greenhouse farming more affordable and widespread. Today, greenhouses are highly sophisticated, utilizing advanced technologies like sensors, automated ventilation, and artificial intelligence to maximize crop production.

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