While calcium oxide offers many benefits, it must be handled with caution. Its reaction with water is highly exothermic, producing heat that can cause burns. Direct contact with skin or eyes can result in serious irritation or injury, and inhalation of its dust can harm respiratory systems.

Environmental concerns arise from its production process, which involves the release of carbon dioxide during limestone calcination. This contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, prompting industries to adopt more energy-efficient kilns and carbon capture technologies.

On the positive side, calcium oxide’s role in environmental management is significant. It helps neutralize acidic soils, treat wastewater, and reduce air pollutants. Proper handling protocols, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), dust suppression systems, and safe storage conditions, ensure that the risks are minimized while maximizing its benefits.